Cationic PAM Powder For Wastewater treatment

Treatment of Polymer-containing Produced Water in an Oilfield in the Middle East 

1. Water Quality Parameters

HPAM concentration: 50-80mg/L 

Oil content: 100-150mg/L 

Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺ concentration: 1000 - 1500mg/L 

Temperature: 60-70℃ 

Technical Difficulties: High concentration calcium and magnesium ions form gels with HPAM, causing the flocculant(Powder PAM) to fail, and high temperature accelerates polymer(Powder PAM) degradation. 

2. Solutions Reagent Combinations Pretreatment: 

Add sodium hexametaphosphate (0.5g/L) to chelate Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ and prevent reaction with HPAM. Main Flocculation: Use powder PAM (cationic degree 60%) at a dosage of 20mg/L. Utilize the high charge density to neutralize the negative charge of HPAM and form large particle sized flocs. Process Optimization Adopt the "chelation-flocculation-flotation"process. The diameter of flotation bubbles is < 50μm to enhance the adhesion efficiency between flocs and oil droplets. 

When dissolving PAM cationic solid product, add a small amount of urea (0.1%) to improve the dissolution stability at high temperatures. 

3. Treatment Effects Water Quality Indicators: 

Residual HPAM < 10mg/L, oil content < 8mg/L, removal rate of Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ > 90%. The treated water can be reused for preparing polymer(Powder PAM) solutions. 

Economic Efficiency: The reagent cost is approximately $1.5 per ton of water, which is 40% lower than the traditional "demulsifier + PAC"process. Also, the consumption of clean water is reduced by 50%.

Treatment of Fracturing Flowback Fluid: 

Low Permeability Reservoir in Oilfield 

Background: The fracturing flowback fluid in Oilfield has a high viscosity (10-25mPa·s), with excessive COD (2000-3000mg/L) and petroleum substances (500-1000mg/L), and also contains hardly degradable organic substances such as guar gum. 

Process: Adopt the combined process of "Fenton oxidation + CPAM(powder PAM) flocculation": 

1. Fenton Oxidation: Add H₂O₂ (0.2%-0.6%) +FeSO₄ (15-20mg/L) at a pH of 3-5 to degrade macromolecular organic substances. 

2. Flocculation Stage: Add powder PAM (1-5mg/L) + PAC (30-50mg/L) to form dense flocs.

COD is reduced to 125.84mg/L, petroleum substances ≤ 5mg/L, and the corrosion rate < 0.0155mm/a, meeting the reinjection standard. Under acidic conditions, the protonation of the amine group in powder PAM enhances its charge neutralizing ability, synergizing with Fenton oxidation to reduce the organic matter load. 

Treatment of Drilling Waste Liquid in Offshore Oilfields: 

Seawater based Wastewater in Oilfield 

The seawater based on drilling waste liquid contains high salinity (TDS > 10000mg/L), high suspended solids (75000mg/L), and petroleum substances (753mg/L), with a Zeta potential of - 47.4mV, showing extremely high stability. Adopt the compound system of "gemini flocculant + CPAM(powder PAM) + demulsifier": 

1. Demulsification Stage: Add the reverse demulsifier (370mg/L) + gemini flocculant DB (57mg/L) to break the oil water interface film. 

2. Flocculation Stage: Add powder PAM (10mg/L) + PAC (470mg/L) to form light weight flocs for easy air flotation separation.

The content of petroleum substances is reduced from 753mg/L to 24.5mg/L (removal rate of 96.7%), suspended solids are reduced from 75000mg/L to 25.8mg/L (removal rate of 99.97%), and the corrosion rate < 0.01mm/a, meeting the reinjection and discharge requirements. The flocculant(PAM solid product in wastewater treatment) enhances the coalescence of oil droplets through its double hydrophobic chains. The compound of powder PAM and PAC optimizes the floc structure, adapting to the high salt environment.

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The synthesis workshop of Jiufang Tech

Jiufang Laboratory